Biochemical and Pathophysiological Responses in Capoeta capoeta under Lethal and Sub-Lethal Exposures of Silver Nanoparticles

The increasing use of nano-based products raises concerns regarding potential risks related to their manufacturing, transportation, waste disposal, and management operations. We used the riverine carp, Capoeta capoeta, as an aquatic animal model demonstrate acute toxicity silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). This study focuses on first, then integrates findings through histopathology, hematological, biochemical testing lethal sub-lethal Ag-NPs exposures. Red blood corpuscles (RBC), white (WBC), hematocrit, total serum glucose levels were significantly lower in Ag-NPs-exposed fish than control fish. Total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, albumin all greater exposed research focused impacts gills liver tissue, it was found that level injury escalated concentration Ag NPs increased. Epithelial lifting secondary lamellas (ELSL), epithelial hypertrophy (EH) lamellae (SL), leukocyte infiltration (LI), bottom hyperplasia (BH) detected In Ag-NPs-treated cross-sections macrophage aggregates (MA), fatty (FL), sinusoid dilatation (SD), necrosis (N) identified. dosages, according biomarker representations, elicit stress-specific physiological effects, compromising general overall health status animals. gradients toxic responses across exposure concentrations portrayals disrupted with nanoparticle time indicate a reduced ability for surviving wild.